Light Trapping Properties of Solar Cells

frailness Trapping Properties of solar CellsAbstractIn this paper, we obtain investigated the light source confine properties of solar kiosks ground on one-dimensional photonic crystal (1DPC) by apply finite difference time reach of influence (FDTD) method. Light lodging is indispensable for clear conduct solar prison stalls out-of-pocket to the limited assiduity in long roll uplength range. Here, we apply diametric types of solar electric carrel complex body parts and to explore their photonic rhenium theories (electric field propagation) and numerical simulations. The one-dimensional thin demand solar mobile phone consists of distributed Braggs reflector (DBR), Metal keep going reflector, grating and anti-reflection coating ( electric arc). The captivate of the grating period and depth, the optimal path length has to be increased. These numerical simulations indicate that this have photonic structure is capable of improving the external quantum facult y and their absorption. As well as the relative enhancement increased up-to 60% for thin film ti solar cells. We further to investigate lavishly efficacy of thin film solar cell using different structure.Index terms Finite difference time domain (FDTD), distributed Braggs reflector (DBR), the grating, metal reflector, anti-reflection coating ( obeisance) and relative enhancement factor.Introduction The scientific community is intensively working to achieve high qualification thin film solar cells base on silicon. Among the various energy sources, solar energy is well considered to be very promising and achieved wide applications for home and global power generation. The silicon based thin films are cheaper and flabby fabrication due to well developed silicon technology. The Silicon based thin films have been the choice as sprightly materials for solar cells, such(prenominal) as vaporous silicon (c-Si), amorphous silicon (a-Si), micro crystalline silicon (c-Si) and so on 1. The cleverness of silicon thin film solar cell (TFSC) is low due to their weak absorption in longer wavelength range. Thus the light trapping apparatus for thin film silicon solar cell becomes a vital role to remediate the conversion efficiency. The crystalline silicon solar cells integrated with the DBR, metal reflector, ARC and grating. Therefore, the incident light is expected to be partially absorbed in the active socio-economic class of crystalline silicon (c-Si), after the support by means of the front anti-reflection coating layer (Si3N4) and the bottom reflector of aluminum (Al) or dielectric (DBR) layers.We are realized that incident light is scattered into the DBR due to the periodic grating and reflected back at the bottom interface. Therefore the mood of light trapping in this design is different from usual reflectors based on metals or photonic crystals 2, 3. In this paper, we leave focus on potently corrugated photonic crystal absorbers make up of a-Si an d SiO2 layers are periodically patterned. Finally, the ocular presentation of the structure will be indicated by their integrated absorption, the absorbed spectral range among 300-1200nm. This paper deals with the modeling and designing of solar cells using FDTD method. stick out 1 The schematic draw of the solar cell structureDesigning ApproachFinite difference time domain (FDTD) method as a sophisticated computational method used to model advanced devices. insert 1 order of battles a schematic diagram of solar cell composed of anti-reflection coating (ARC), diffraction grating and photonic crystals also cognize as distributed Braggs reflector. The distributed Braggs reflector (DBR) consists of alternate layers of amorphous Si (a-Si) and silicon-di-oxide (SiO2) with their refractive index 3.6 and 1.45 and thickness 56nm, 138nm respectively. The thickness of the each layer is unconquerable by the quarter wave principle (t = C /4n), where, n-is the refractive index and C is the center wavelength of photonic band gap. On top of the DBR, diffraction grating is enter which is made of a-Si and SiO2, with duty cycle (Gdc=0.5m), period (Gp=0.6m) and thickness (Tg=0.1m).The anti-reflection coating (ARC) layer is made of silicon nitrate (Si3N4) and their thickness 0.07m.Result and DiscussionThe wave propagation designed solar cell is shown in normal 2. We have used commercial available Full WAVE tool supplied by RSoft. We can see light interaction into the device, when one light is made incident on the solar cell. The sententiouser wavelength is absorbed by the active land while longer wavelength moves toward bottom layer. The grating interaction gives scattering and diffraction of light where as DBR reflects remaining light. This mechanism finally force the light waves into active region. We have designed and analyzed four different structures of solar cells to encounter the light trapping mechanism. augur 2 Schematic diagrams of solar cell structure a nd their electric field distributionFigure 3 (a) show absorption of solar cells in accordance to wavelength from 300 to 1200nm. To compare the surgery of designed devices we have designed a planer solar cell which mainly consists of anti-reflection coating of silicon nitride. The solar cell absorption of DBR and ARC based solar cell is found to be improved than prolongation solar cell. However, DBR, ARC and GRA based solar cells show distinct absorption as comparisons to cell C1 and C3. We can see added absorption peak in the red and infrared part of solar spectrum for the case of cell 2.Figure 3 Absorption (a) and Quantum efficiency (b) of designed four solar cellsFigure 3b shows Quantum efficiency of different types of thin film Silicon solar cells. The solar cell (C2) composed of DBR, ARC and GR Solar cell C2 shows enhanced quantum efficiency then solar cells C1 and C3. The solar cell C2 peaks between 600 and 1160nm range, which indicates the efficient trapping of light. Howeve r, reference cell has the less quantum efficiency show sharp as compare to cells C1 and C3. The overall quantum efficiency is found to be increased between the 700 to 1160nm wavelength range. The quantum efficiency clearly exposes the light absorption enhancement of the light trapping structure in certain wavelength range only. The different solar cell structure shows the highest performances and their relative efficiency was achieved up to 60%, it is compared to the reference cell. Figure 4 J-V feature articles for solar cells with different back structuresThe figure 4 shows the little perimeter current versus voltage characteristics of four designed solar cells. The highest short- band enlistment current can be absorbed for cell C2, C3 and C1 respectively. The short circuit current enhancement factors are 21mA/cm2, 53.8mA/cm2 and 60.5mA/cm2. The overall short circuit current of DBR with grating structure got more(prenominal) enhancements (60%). Table-I shows the short circui t current, open circuit Voltage, relative enhancement factor and cell efficiency of different solar cell structures.Table-1 The comparison of optical characteristics of C-Si solar cell with different back structures with reference structureAll the back structures are improved the cell efficiencies as shown in table I. The open circuit voltage (VOC= 0.7V) and the fill factor (FF=84.5%) are similar to all the structures. The back reflectors showing significant enhancement as evidenced by figure 3.Figure 5 The efficiency enhancement of c-Si solar cells with different structuresThe characteristic of different back reflector with active region and their enhanced efficiency as shown in figure 5. The combination of periodic grating and DBR structure indicates 60% enhancement, while aluminum with grating structure indicates 53.4% enhancement, it is compared to bare silicon or without any reflector on the back surface. It is simulated as a compare to the perfect periodic cell structure.Concl usionIn conclusion, we proposed new photonic light trapping structure and the numerical simulations indicate that this combined photonic structure is capable of improving the cell efficiency by more than 55% for thin film silicon solar cell structure. We investigated the mechanism for an efficient light trapping structure for thin film solar cells using FDTD method. At wavelength range between 400 to 1200nm, we got stronger absorption peaks for silicon with metal and grating. The efficiency also increased, it is much more considerable. These results are providing a path to achieve low cost and strong efficiency enhancement for thin film silicon solar cell. Integrated of self assembled aluminium oxide and DBR for more light trapping in silicon photo electric (PV) devices. The high efficiency solar cell will be greatly more evident for smaller cell thickness and improved their absorption. Further, we will get more cell efficiency using metal nano sphere and texture the grating struc ture.Reference1 L.Zhao, Y.H.Zuo, C.L.Zhou, H.L.Li, H.W. Diao and W.J.Wang, A highly efficient light trapping structure for thin film silicon solar cells, Solar energy 84 (2010) 110-115.2 Krc. 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